Glossary

The first, and most common 1D (linear) barcode for retail product labelling, encoding global trade item numbers (GTINs) in line with GS1 international standards. UPCs are composed of 12 digits encoded in a series of vertical lines. The first six digits correspond to the manufacturer’s identification number, the next five represent a specific product type and packaging configuration, and the last one is a check digit.

The use of digital print processes to apply personalised and serialised information, such as unique identifiers and barcodes, to products and documents.

The process of verifying specific identity, document or product attributes, or determining the authenticity of credentials in order to give authorisation for a particular service.

The fraudulent practice of making phone calls or leaving voice messages purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information, such as bank details and credit card numbers.

A cryptographically signed data structure containing document features, encoded as a 2D barcode and printed on a document. The use of a VDS is recommended by ISO 22381:2018 as an open source, trusted entry point to allow all stakeholders to authenticate a unique identifier without having to go online, as well as access information on the security features used on a security document.

A category of electronic devices that can be worn as accessories, embedded in clothing, implanted in the user’s body, or even tattooed on the skin.

World Health Organisation Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) global treaty, and its Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products. The Protocol requires all parties to implement secure track and trace systems by 2023.

Zero trust assumes there is no implicit trust granted to assets or user accounts based solely on their physical or network location (ie. local area networks versus the internet) or based on asset ownership (enterprise or personally owned).